A study on vortex flow control on inlet distortion in the re-engined 727-100 center inlet duct using computational fluid dynamics

Computational fluid dynamics was used to investigate the management of inlet distortion by the introduction of discrete vorticity sources at selected locations in the inlet for the purpose of controlling secondary flow. These sources of vorticity were introduced by means of vortex generators. A series of design observations were made concerning the importance of various vortex generator design parameters in minimizing engine face circumferential distortion. The study showed that vortex strength, generator scale, and secondary flow field structure have a complicated and interrelated influence on the engine face distortion, over and above the initial geometry and arrangement of the generators. The installed vortex generator performance was found to be a function of three categories of variables: the inflow conditions, the aerodynamic characteristics associated with the inlet duct, and the design parameters related to the geometry, arrangement, and placement of the vortex generators within the outlet duct itself

2002 Philip C. Jessup International Moot Court Competition

The Republic of Turingia and the Republic of Babbage have brought their case before this Court by notification of the Special Agreement as provided for by Article 40(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. The Court has jurisdiction over the case pursuant to Article 36(2) of the said Statute

A protein knockdown strategy to study the function of β-catenin in tumorigenesis

BACKGROUND: The Wnt signaling pathway plays critical roles in cell proliferation and cell fate determination at many stages of development. A critical downstream target of Wnt signaling is the cytosolic β-catenin, which is stabilized upon Wnt activation and promotes transcription of a variety of target genes including c-myc and cyclin D. Aberrant Wnt signaling, which results from mutations of either β-catenin or adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), renders β-catenin resistant to degradation, and has been associated with multiple types of human cancers. RESULTS: A protein knockdown strategy was designed to reduce the cytosolic β-catenin levels through accelerating its turnover rate. By engineering a chimeric protein with the β-catenin binding domain of E-cadherin fused to βTrCP ubiquitin-protein ligase, the stable β-catenin mutant was recruited to the cellular SCF (Skp1, Cullin 1, and F-box-containing substrate receptor) ubiquitination machinery for ubiquitination and degradation. The DLD1 colon cancer cells express wild type β-catenin at abnormally high levels due to loss of APC. Remarkably, conditional expression of βTrCP-E-cadherin under the control of a tetracycline-repressive promoter in DLD1 cells selectively knocked down the cytosolic, but not membrane-associated subpopulation of β-catenin. As a result, DLD1 cells were impaired in their growth and clonogenic ability in vitro, and lost their tumorigenic potential in nude mice. CONCLUSION: We have designed a novel approach to induce degradation of stabilized/mutated β-catenin. Our results suggest that a high concentration of cytoplasmic β-catenin is critical for the growth of colorectal tumor cells. The protein knockdown strategy can be utilized not only as a novel method to dissect the role of oncoproteins in tumorigenesis, but also as a unique tool to delineate the function of a subpopulation of proteins localized to a specific subcellular compartment

Wave-based control of under-actuated flexible structures with strong external disturbing forces

Wave-based control of under-actuated, flexible systems has many advantages over other methods. It considers actuator motion as launching a mechanical wave into the flexible system which it absorbs on its return to the actuator. The launching and absorbing proceed simultaneously. This simple, intuitive idea leads to robust, generic, highly efficient, precise, adaptable controllers, allowing rapid and almost vibrationless re-positioning of the system, using only sensors collocated at the actuator-system interface. It has been very successfully applied to simple systems such as mass-spring strings, systems of Euler-Bernoulli beams, planar mass-spring arrays, and flexible three-dimensional space structures undergoing slewing motion. In common with most other approaches, this work also assumed that, during a change of position, the forces from the environment were negligible in comparison with internal forces and torques. This assumption is not always valid. Strong external forces considerably complicate the flexible control problem, especially when unknown, unexpected or unmodelled. The current work extends the wave-based strategy to systems experiencing significant external disturbing forces, whether enduring or transient. The work also provides further robustness to sensor errors. The strategy has the controller learn about the disturbances and compensate for them, yet without needing new sensors, measurements or models beyond those of standard wave-based control

A MULTIPHASE FLOW LOOP DESIGN FOR INVESTIGATING THE PARTIAL PHASE SEPARATION IN A PIPE TEE

This article presents a design and commissioning of a multiphase flow loop, which was developed for scrutinizing the partial phase separation characteristics of pipe Tees. Its length is 9m and its primary diameter is 0.078m (3 inches). For the ease of modification, its design was kept modular, so that it could be used for testing various other pipe profiles. To validate this flow loop, the separation of a stratified-wavy flow was tested in a regular diameter ratio pipe Tee, and the gathered results were compared with previously published data. A good agreement was observed between the two data sources, which suggests that this flow loop is suitable for a further experimentation

Dietary Saturated Fat Intake Is Negatively Associated With Weight Maintenance Among the PREMIER Participants

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93652/1/oby.2011.17.pd

Factors affecting fill removal from horizontal well during colied tubing cleanout operation

Abstract: Coiled Tubing (CT) is extensively used in oil industry to clean the wellbore to increase the productivity of oil/gas well by removing the fill/sand downhole. Well cleanup operation for low bottom hole pressure is problematic and common cleanout fluids are not effective as a circulation fluid due to severe pressure losses and low suspension capability. The use of foam as cleaning agent has become more popular due to its low density and high viscosity. The objective of this paper is to investigate the factor effecting on fill concentration and pressure loss during horizontal wellbore cleanup operation at different CT/Annulus diameter ratios using Herschel Buckley viscosity model. Results showed that foam quality has the significantly high effect on fill concentration as compared to foam velocity. It is noticed that diameter ratio has high effect on particle removal when foam quality is 70%. Surprisingly, it is found that the effect of diameter ratio on fill concentration decreases when foam quality is 90%

Consensus Rules in Variant Detection from Next-Generation Sequencing Data

A critical step in detecting variants from next-generation sequencing data is post hoc filtering of putative variants called or predicted by computational tools. Here, we highlight four critical parameters that could enhance the accuracy of called single nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions: quality and deepness, refinement and improvement of initial mapping, allele/strand balance, and examination of spurious genes. Use of these sequence features appropriately in variant filtering could greatly improve validation rates, thereby saving time and costs in next-generation sequencing projects

Design and development of fanger model and fuzzy logic based controller for air conditioners

Air conditioner is an essential appliance to provide human comfort environment for individual needs. For a tropical country, Malaysia has temperature fluctuation between 29 ˚C to 34 ˚C and humidity in range of 70% to 90%, air conditioner is essentially used to achieve user comforts particularly thermal comfort. However, satisfying the needs of human comfort by using air conditioner often cause the over-consumption of energy due to lack of use of intelligent and efficient control. The traditional air conditioners are typically run at constant and fixed speed has limited options to control conditioned air temperature at reduced energy consumption and achieving human thermal comfort of conditioned space. In this study, the physical parameters of Fanger’s model and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) are used to design an innovative air conditioner controller, which is adaptively controlled by fuzzy logic to drive both fan and cooler speed by taking consideration of cooling effect of air flow variation. With the developed algorithm and controller prototype, energy consumption is optimised or minimised for the best financial outcome without sacrifice of human comfort. To validate the performance of the proposed model, the results from both microcontroller prototype and MATLAB simulation are compared for validation purpose. It has shown that both results exhibits less than 1% performance deviation in terms of computation and the potential of energy saving up to 49%

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF LIQUID CARRYOVER IN T-JUNCTION WITH DIFFERENT DIAMETER RATIOS

T-junction is commonly used in distributing two-phase flow in a piping system, especially in oil and gas industries. In offshore Malaysia, T-junction is installed at the production header as a compact separator to tap produced gas from reservoir as fuel gas for power generation. However, the splitting nature of two-phase flow with signficant differential density at the junction is a major challenge. Excessive liquid carryover in T-junction present a serious operational issue because it trips the whole production platform. The primary objective of the present study is to investigate the liquid carryover due to formation of slug, subsequently its separation eciency at different diameter ratio. The analysis was carried out on a model with 0.0254 m (1 inch) diameter horizontal main arm and a vertically upward side arm using Volume of Fluid Method from Fluent 16.1. Three different side to main arm diameter ratio of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.3 were investigated with different gas and liquid supercial velocities. The inlet boundary is a prescribed mass flow rate and atmospheric pressure is assumed at the two outlets of the T-junction. Pressure velocity coupling was achieved by using the SIMPLE coupling scheme. The results showed that, when the flow regime in the main arm is slug flow, a combination of high liquid supeficial velocity and very small diameter ratio leads to higher liquid holdup frequency or liquid carryover